In the School-Room: Chapters in the Philosophy of Education — A Reader’s Guide

(0 User reviews)   30
In Category - Educational Theory
Hart, John S. (John Seely), 1810-1877 Project Gutenberg 2010 Not confirmed
Teaching Readers of public-domain and historical texts
Project Gutenberg digital edition en

Edition facts

Words 79,046
Reading time 344 min
Text sections 7

In the School-Room: Chapters in the Philosophy of Education — A Reader’s Guide can be approached with a clearer sense of reading commitment from its source measurements: 79,046 words, 5 hr 44 min estimated reading time, and 7 detected text sections.

The text analysis averages about 21.6 words per sentence, while the detected sections provide another way to judge how the source is divided.

Project Gutenberg metadata also associates the work with “Teaching,” connecting these edition facts with the source record’s subject description.

John S. Hart's 1868 work draws on his experience training thousands of teachers, offering short, standalone chapters on questioning, memory, and attention, with a distinctive blend of philosophical principle and practical classroom observation.
Share
Editorial Edition Score 4.7/5

Calculated from edition completeness, EPUB availability, text structure and catalogue metadata. Not a user rating.

How this score is calculated
  • Description quality20 pts
  • Title & short description10 pts
  • Source metadata20 pts
  • Text length15 pts
  • Chapters / structure15 pts
  • EPUB file integrity20 pts

Total of 100 points, scaled to a 2.5-5.0 range. Editions with an empty description or a missing EPUB file are not scored.

Edition quality

Read the Text

Principal was supreme. Mr. Graham had probably brought his boys to the school for that very reason. The routine of obedience had been so thoroughly established, that his boys, he thought, would submit through mere force of example. Bob was too young to give any uneasiness. He fell, of course, into many of the peccadilloes of boys of his age, and received, without demur, the treatment of a little boy. Charlie, for a long time, was almost a model of propriety. He was diligent in his studies, and observed the rules of the school with scrupulous care. He was fair, almost girlish, in appearance, and gentle in his speech. No one, merely observing the quiet, modest boy, going about his usual routine of duty, without noise or turbulence, would have dreamed of the sleeping volcano that lay beneath this placid exterior.

About the middle of the second term I began to notice in Charlie symptoms that I did not like. The harness evidently chafed him somewhere, and there was no telling when he might kick out of the traces. The crisis at length came. One morning, when the boys were in the washroom, under the charge of the senior teacher, Charlie, with what precise provocation I could never ascertain, drew back his basin of water and threw it full into the teacher's face.

Here was a case. We were about to have an explosion. Evidently the young fire-eater's blood was up. He was bent on having "a scene;" and, while his hand was in, he would quite likely make up for all the long months of peaceful inaction. All the tiger within him stood revealed.

The matter was reported to me of course. After some little thought, my plan was chosen. Not a word was said on the subject for several hours. Meals, play-time, study-hours, lessons, everything went on as usual. At length, about eleven o'clock, Charlie was summoned, not to the principal's desk, in the public school-room, but to my private office, in a remote part of the premises. As he entered the quiet apartment, it was evident that the intervening hours of reflection had not been lost upon him. He was pretty sure, of course, that I had sent for him in consequence of the occurrence of the morning. Still he was not certain. Not a word had been uttered in school on the subject--no allusion to it even. Altogether there was something about the affair that mystified him.

The following brief dialogue ensued.

"Where are your skates, Charlie?"

"In my box in the play-room, sir."

"Where is your sled?"

"That is hanging up in the outer shed."

"Where is your fishing-line and your ball?"

"They are in the play-room."

"I wish you would get these and all your other playthings together before dinner. Peter (this was the head waiter) has collected your boots and shoes, and Sarah (the seamstress) has got your clothes together and packed your trunks. I have made out your accounts, and will be ready to send you home to your father by the afternoon train. You may help Bob also to collect his playthings; he has not done anything wrong, but he is so young I think your father would not like to have him here alone so far from home."

All this was said in a tone as utterly emotionless as I would have used if asking him whether he would be helped to beef or lamb at table.

Charlie was taken aback. If I had attempted to chastise him, if I had even used towards him the language of invective or reproach, he could have met the case. But here was an issue which he had never contemplated. After a moment of blank amazement, he said:

"Mr. H., I don't want to go home thus. It will grieve my father, and it will be a lasting stigma to me in Tompkinsville, where it is counted an honor to belong to this school. I know I have done wrong, but can't you inflict some other punishment? I will submit to anything rather than be sent home in this way. Put me in 'exile' and at the 'side-table,' for three days, or any time you please!"

John S. Hart, principal of the New Jersey State Normal School in 1868, addresses his book to teachers across the United States, drawing on a career that included training more than five thousand young men and nearly one thousand young women. The volume is built from short, self-contained chapters, each complete in itself, a structure Hart chose for its practical advantage: a teacher might read a chapter of five or six pages when a longer argument would be impractical. The topics range from the art of questioning to the cultivation of memory, and Hart insists they are not isolated but connected by an underlying thread of educational philosophy.

The Teacher as Observer and Critic

Hart includes detailed teaching evaluations that reveal his criteria for effective instruction. In one lesson on mythology, he notes that the teacher could have made the subject interesting with slight effort, but allowed errors in pronunciation to pass; the teaching average was 72. In contrast, a history teacher who drew a map on the board and required pupils to point out important places earned a 100. Hart values sprightly, animated, and critical teachers who insist on correct orthoëpy and dictionary use. He also notes that a substitute teacher who showed deep interest and energy appeared as the permanent teacher, not a mere replacement. These evaluations show Hart's emphasis on preparation, command of subject, and the teacher's ability to demand prompt obedience.

Attention as a Mental Faculty

In a chapter on attention, Hart uses the example of reading a printed book to illustrate how the eye notices every letter, even transposed or upside-down ones, without conscious recollection. He argues that attention is a distinct mental faculty that can be cultivated, and that it is essential for mental culture. This focus on the mechanics of perception and memory reflects Hart's broader interest in the philosophy of education as a practical science. He does not merely prescribe methods but seeks to explain the underlying mental processes that make teaching effective.

The Philosophy of Short Chapters

Hart deliberately presents his thoughts in short, detached chapters, each complete in itself. He acknowledges that this method is less imposing but argues it has practical advantages: a reader can find leisure to read a chapter on a single point without wading through a network of connected propositions. Yet he insists the topics are not isolated; there is an underlying thread of connection, the whole being based on a philosophy of education. This structure mirrors his belief that teaching should be both systematic and adaptable to the teacher's daily needs.

Hart's book is best approached as a series of focused reflections rather than a systematic treatise. Readers may find it useful to read chapters in any order, following their immediate interests. The evaluations of specific lessons offer a concrete window into 19th-century classroom practice, while the philosophical chapters invite comparison with modern educational theory. Hart's voice is that of an experienced practitioner who has constantly put himself in the attitude of a learner.

I found myself thinking of Hart's quiet faith in a teacher's patient questions, how he trusted attention to grow like a slow root. That same gentle trust surfaced in the Study of Child Life — Story, Setting & Ideas, where childhood unfolds less like a lesson and more like a remembered afternoon. Both feel like old friends speaking softly.

There are no reviews for this eBook.

0
0 out of 5 (0 User reviews )

Add a Review

Your Rating *
There are no comments for this eBook.

Reader reflection

What was your reading experience?

Capture what you thought, learned, and would like to remember.

Your progress 0 / 10
1

Where are you in your reading?

2

What was your overall reaction to the book?

3

How likely are you to recommend this book?

4

What was the reading difficulty like?

Related eBooks