Why Go to College? An Address — Context and Discussion

Beyond the Bank Account: The Opening Argument

The first excerpt establishes Palmer's rhetorical strategy: she acknowledges parental fears—a lawyer losing sleep over daughters with only money—then pivots to a broader definition of preparedness. She does not claim all girls should attend college, but that more should, and that the personal benefits distinct from commercial value need discussion. Her examples are deliberately mundane: a banker's daughters trained in music, art, and jellies. This grounding in domestic detail, not lofty theory, characterizes her approach throughout.

Drudgery Made Divine: Interests as Strengthening Companions

Palmer argues that women's regular occupations are disconnected and of little educational value unless imagination and knowledge accompany them. She uses the pin as a symbol—temporarily holding together things without organic connection—to describe much of women's work. Yet she insists that even humble pin-work requires a refined, trained woman. The remedy is not escape from domesticity but its elevation through three interests fostered by college: love of great literature, scientific knowledge, and social engagement. These become strengthening companions, not mere accomplishments.

The Pin and the Palette: Domesticity as a Fine Art

Palmer's most striking image is the pin—the symbol of average women's lives, temporarily holding together unrelated tasks. She contrasts this with the ideal of making drudgery divine through brains and planning. The passage on needless deaths of children under five due to dull, unimaginative women is her sharpest indictment. She calls for a taste for perfection in every detail, from setting a table to teaching reading. This section reveals her conviction that college training directly improves home life, not by replacing it but by infusing it with intelligence.

Great Books as Comrades: Against the Current of Popular Reading

Palmer distinguishes between books used for education or knowledge and great books adopted as a resource and solace. She observes that millions read newspapers, religious weeklies, fashion journals, and popular novels, but few know how to make comrades of the great poets. The problem, she says, is coming to them too late. College life, by fostering early and deep acquaintance with literature, provides a permanent inner resource. This argument is characteristic: she does not dismiss popular reading but insists on a higher companionship that only sustained study can offer.

Palmer's address is best read as a series of concrete arguments grounded in domestic and social realities, not as a manifesto for careerism. She consistently returns to the home, the village, the daily round—and insists that college training transforms these, not by escape but by infusion. Readers should attend to her recurring images (the pin, the bank account, the preserves) and her habit of answering imagined objections. The excerpts suggest a speaker who knows her audience's fears and meets them with practical, not idealistic, reasoning.